Table of Content
1. Introduction
1.1 Market Definition & Scope
1.2 Research Assumptions & Abbreviations
1.3 Research Methodology
2. Executive Summary
2.1 Market Snapshot
2.2 Market Absolute $ Opportunity Assessment & Y-o-Y Analysis, 2021–2032
2.3 Market Size & Forecast, By Segmentation, 2021–2032
2.3.1 Market Size By Type
2.3.2 Market Size By Technology
2.3.3 Market Size By Transmission
2.3.4 Market Size By Application
2.4 Market Share & Bps Analysis by Region, 2024
2.5 Industry Growth Scenarios – Conservative, Including & Optimistic
2.6 Industry CxO’s Perspective
3. Market Overview
3.1 Market Dynamics
3.1.1 Drivers
3.1.2 Restraints
3.1.3 Opportunities
3.1.4 Key Market Trends
3.2 Industry PESTLE Analysis
3.3 Key Industry Forces (Porter’s) Impacting Market Growth
3.4 Industry Supply Chain Analysis
3.4.1 Raw Interconnecting Type Suppliers
3.4.2 Manufacturers
3.4.3 Distributors/Suppliers
3.4.4 Customers/ Voltage Range
3.5 Industry Life Cycle Assessment
3.6 Parent Market Overview
3.7 Market Risk Assessment
4. Statistical Insights & Trends Reporting
4.1 Overview
4.2 Deployment & Infrastructure Statistics
4.2.1 Number of operational HVDC transmission lines globally and in key regions
4.2.2 Total installed HVDC capacity (in GW) segmented by line type (overhead, sumarine, underground)
4.2.3 Average cost per kilometer for HVDC line installation
4.2.4 Commissioning rate of new HVDC projects per year (last 5 years)
4.2.5 Average transmission loss percentage in HVDC vs. HVAC systems
4.3 Technology & Component Trends
4.3.1 Market share (%) of Line-Commutated Converter (LCC) vs. Voltage Source Converter (VSC) technology
4.3.2 Converter station efficiency improvements over the last decade
4.3.3 Average lifespan (in years) of HVDC components (valves, transformers, control systems)
4.4.4 Capital expenditure breakdown by HVDC component type
4.4.5 Number of patents filed annually in HVDC technologies
4.4 Grid Integration & Policy Indicators
4.4.1 Percentage of renewable energy integrated into the grid via HVDC lines
4.4.2 Number of interregional or cross-border HVDC links under construction or planning
4.4.3 Frequency of HVDC usage in energy trading agreements (cross-border)
4.4.4 Government funding or subsidies allocated to HVDC infrastructure (region-wise)
4.3.5 Regulatory approval timelines (average months) for HVDC projects
5. HVDC Transmission Market Segmental Analysis & Forecast, By Type, 2021 – 2032
5.1 Introduction
5.2 High-power Rating Projects
5.2.1 Key Trends
5.2.2 Market Size & Forecast, 2021 – 2032
5.3 Low-power Rating Projects
5.3.1 Key Trends
5.3.2 Market Size & Forecast, 2021 – 2032
6. HVDC Transmission Market Segmental Analysis & Forecast, By Technology, 2021 – 2032
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Line Commutated Converter (LCC)
6.2.1 Key Trends
6.2.2 Market Size & Forecast, 2021 – 2032
6.3 Voltage Source Converter (VSC)
6.3.1 Key Trends
6.3.2 Market Size & Forecast, 2021 – 2032
7. HVDC Transmission Market Segmental Analysis & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Submarine HVDC Transmission System
7.2.1 Key Trends
7.2.2 Market Size & Forecast, 2021 – 2032
7.3 HVDC Overhead Transmission System
7.3.1 Key Trends
7.3.2 Market Size & Forecast, 2021 – 2032
7.4 HVDC Underground Transmission System
7.4.1 Key Trends
7.4.2 Market Size & Forecast, 2021 – 2032
8. HVDC Transmission Market Segmental Analysis & Forecast, By Application, 2021 – 2032
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Subsea
8.2.1 Key Trends
8.2.2 Market Size & Forecast, 2021 – 2032
8.3 Underground
8.3.1 Key Trends
8.3.2 Market Size & Forecast, 2021 – 2032
8.4 Overhead
8.4.1 Key Trends
8.4.2 Market Size & Forecast, 2021 – 2032
8.5 Mixed
8.5.1 Key Trends
8.5.2 Market Size & Forecast, 2021 – 2032
9. HVDC Transmission Market Segmental Analysis & Forecast By Region, 2021 – 2025
9.1 Introduction
9.2 North America
9.2.1 Key Trends
9.2.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.2.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.2.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.2.5 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.2.6 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Country, 2021 – 2032
9.2.6.1 USA
9.2.6.1.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.2.6.1.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.2.6.1.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.2.6.1.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.2.6.2 Canada
9.2.6.2.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.2.6.2.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.2.6.2.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Voltage Range , 2021 – 2032
9.2.6.2.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application, 2021 – 2032
9.3 Europe
9.3.1 Key Trends
9.3.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.3.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.5 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Country, 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.1 Germany
9.3.6.1.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.1.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.1.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.1.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.2 UK
9.3.6.2.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.2.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.2.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.2.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.3 France
9.3.6.3.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.3.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.3.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.3.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.4 Italy
9.3.6.4.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.4.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.4.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.4.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.5 Spain
9.3.6.5.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.5.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.5.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.5.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.6 Russia
9.3.6.6.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.6.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.6.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.6.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.7 Poland
9.3.6.7.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.7.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.7.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.7.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.8 Rest of Europe
9.3.6.8.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.8.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.8.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.3.6.8.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.4 Asia-Pacific
9.4.1 Key Trends
9.4.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.4.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.5 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Country, 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.1 China
9.4.6.1.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.1.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.1.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.1.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.2 India
9.4.6.2.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.2.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.2.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.2.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.3 Japan
9.4.6.3.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.3.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.3.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.3.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.4 South Korea
9.4.6.4.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.4.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.4.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.4.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.5 Australia
9.4.6.5.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.5.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.5.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.5.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.6 ASEAN Countries
9.4.6.6.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.6.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.6.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.6.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.7 Rest of Asia-Pacific
9.4.6.7.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.7.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.7.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.4.6.7.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.5 Latin America
9.5.1 Key Trends
9.5.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.5.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.5.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.5.5 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Country, 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.1 Brazil
9.5.6.1.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.1.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.1.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.1.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.2 Argentina
9.5.6.2.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.2.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.2.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.2.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.3 Mexico
9.5.6.3.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.3.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.3.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.3.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.4 Colombia
9.5.6.4.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.4.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.4.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.4.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.5 Rest of Latin America
9.5.6.5.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.5.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.5.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.5.6.5.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.6 Middle East & Africa
9.6.1 Key Trends
9.6.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.6.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.6.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission Range, 2021 – 2032
9.6.5 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application, 2021 – 2032
9.6.6 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Country, 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.1 UAE
9.6.6.1.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.1.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.1.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.1.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.2 Saudi Arabia
9.6.6.2.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.2.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.2.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.2.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.3 Qatar
9.6.6.3.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.3.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.3.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.3.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.4 Egypt
9.6.6.4.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.4.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.4.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.4.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.5 South Africa
9.6.6.5.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.5.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.5.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.5.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.6 Rest of Middle East & Africa
9.6.6.6.1 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Type , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.6.2 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.6.3 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Transmission , 2021 – 2032
9.6.6.6.4 HVDC Transmission Market Size & Forecast, By Application , 2021 – 2032
10. Competitive Landscape
10.1 Key Players' Positioning
10.2 Competitive Developments
10.2.1 Key Strategies Adopted (%), By Key Players, 2024
10.2.2 Year-Wise Strategies & Development, 2021 – 2025
10.2.3 Number Of Strategies Adopted By Key Players, 2024
10.3 Market Share Analysis, 2024
10.4 Product /Service & Interconnecting Type Benchmarking
10.4.1 Product /Service Specifications & Features By Key Players
10.4.2 Product /Service Heatmap By Key Players
10.4.3 Interconnecting Type Heatmap By Key Players
10.5 Industry Start-Up & Innovation Landscape
10.6 Key Company Profiles
10.6.1 Hitachi Energy Ltd.
10.6.1.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.1.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.1.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.1.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.2 Siemens Energy AG
10.6.2.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.2.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.2.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.2.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.3 NEXANS S.A.
10.6.3.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.3.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.3.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.3.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.4 Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation
10.6.4.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.4.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.4.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.4.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.5 CHINA XD GROUP
10.6.5.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.5.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.5.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.5.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.6 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
10.6.6.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.6.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.6.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.6.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.7 General Electric Company (GE)
10.6.7.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.7.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.7.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.7.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.8 Xu Ji Group Co. Ltd.
10.6.8.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.8.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.8.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.8.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.9 NR Electric Co. Ltd.
10.6.9.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.9.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.9.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.9.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.10 Prysmian Group
10.6.10.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.10.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.10.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.10.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.11 TBEA Co., Ltd.
10.6.11.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.11.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.11.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.11.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.12 NKT A/S
10.6.12.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.12.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.12.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.12.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.13 ABB Ltd.
10.6.13.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.13.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.13.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.13.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.14 Schneider Electric SE
10.6.14.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.14.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.14.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.14.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.15 Sterlite Power Transmission Ltd.
10.6.15.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.15.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.15.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.15.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.16 Rongxin Power Electronic Co., Ltd. (RXPE)
10.6.16.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.16.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.16.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.16.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.17 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
10.6.17.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.17.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.17.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.17.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.18 Hyundai Electric & Energy Systems Co., Ltd.
10.6.18.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.18.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.18.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.18.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.19 Pinggao Group Co., Ltd.
10.6.19.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.19.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.19.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.19.4 SWOT Analysis
10.6.20 LS Cable & System Ltd.
10.6.20.1 Company Overview & Snapshot
10.6.20.2 Product /Service Portfolio
10.6.20.3 Key Company Financials
10.6.20.4 SWOT Analysis
11. Analyst Recommendations
11.1 SNS Insider Opportunity Map
11.2 Industry Low-Hanging Fruit Assessment
11.3 Market Entry & Growth Strategy
11.4 Analyst Viewpoint & Suggestions On Market Growth
12. Assumptions
13. Disclaimer
14. Appendix
14.1 List Of Tables
14.2 List Of Figures
